Agricultural Development Division

Net Cash Farm Income

Net Cash Farm Income is a primary measure of the farm profitability. It is calculated as gross cash income minus total cash expenses. Gross cash income includes cash receipts from crop and livestock sales, government payments, and other farm-related income. Cash expenses include operating costs like seed, fertilizer, feed, fuel, hired labor, and interest on debt.

Commodity Sales

Commodity sales are commonly reported in the Census of Agriculture as the Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold. It represents the gross market value before taxes and production expenses of all agricultural products sold or removed from the place in the survey year. It excludes the value of items consumed on the farm and any government payments received.

Farm Labor

USDA NASS tracks farm labor through the semi-annual Agricultural Labor Survey and the Census. The farm labor report includes hired workers, reference weeks, and wage rates. Hired workers are all persons paid by the farm operator to perform agricultural training or work on the farm. This includes field workers, livestock workers, supervisors/managers, and other clerical/maintenance workers.

Cash Rents

Cash rents refer to the fixed dollar amount paid per acre for the right to use land for agricultural production, as opposed to payment based on a share of the crop or profits. The USDA NASS conducts the Cash Rents Survey, which provides estimates of cash rent paid for irrigated cropland, non‑irrigated cropland, and pasture.

Fruits and Tree Nuts

Through its survey programs, the USDA NASS tracks and provides metrics for some of the most prominent crops in Hawaiʻi, including bearing acreage, yields, utilized production and unit prices for avocados, coffee, macadamia nuts, and papayas.

Animals & Products

The USDA NASS tracks and publishes regional reports on livestock inventory (cattle for Hawaiʻi) as well as commercial red meat slaughter. Commercial red meat production includes beef, veal, pork, lamb, and mutton, and is reported as the sum of dressed weights (carcass) rather than live weights. These estimates are derived from federally inspected and state-inspected slaughter facilities and exclude animals slaughtered on-farm for personal use.

Hawaiʻi Cattle Shipment

Hawaiʻi cattle shipments track the movement of cattle, such as bulls, cows, steers, heifers, and calves, between the Hawaiian Islands and from the islands to mainland U.S. states. Typically, bulls and cows are transported to Oahu for slaughter, while steers, heifers, and calves are shipped to mainland states for pasturing and feedlot operations.

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